作为4680 电池的推出者，特斯拉第2000万颗4680电池近期已经在美国得克萨斯州其超级工厂迎来下线，而第1000万颗4680电池实际上于今年6月下线，历时约4个月，生产速度达到了每月250万颗。如果按照此速度，特斯拉可能会在2024年2月达到下一个3000万颗的里程碑。
据业内测算，1000万颗4680电池电芯可满足约1.2万辆Model Y车型动力电池配套需求。特斯拉的大圆柱电池计划雄性勃勃，未来的4680电池产能将提升至1000GWh以上，其长期产能目标甚至达到2000GWh、3000GWh。
宁德时代、松下、三星SDI、亿纬锂能、比克电池、远景动力、国轩高科、蜂巢能源等主流电池厂都在进行46系大圆柱的研发、产品验证、产线建设。除了特斯拉外，宝马、蔚来、保时捷、江淮、东风岚图、戴姆勒、大众、小鹏、一汽等车企也均在布局4680大圆柱电池。
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众巨头纷纷布局
向来钟情方形电池的比亚迪，也将目光瞄准了大圆柱。今年9月，LG与比亚迪旗下的弗迪电池在韩国首尔签署“战略合作备忘录”。在本次合作中，弗迪电池携消费类电池产品LFP 4680，将与LG协力打造面向欧美市场的竞争力产品。未来，双方将在家庭储能、机器人及其它智能家居领域展开深度合作。
据了解，比亚迪4680电池是磷酸铁锂电池，它的单体能量密度是129Wh/kg，标称容量是15Ah、标称电压是3.2V，可以实现0.5C充电和0.2C放电。另外，比亚迪4680电池的充电工作温度是0℃-55℃，放电工作温度是-20℃-60℃。
值得注意的是，去年8月，比亚迪曾公布一个新电池专利的种类，圆柱体造型的六棱柱电池。专利数据显示，其整个壳体(盖体+壳体)的高度在60mm～150mm之间，其壳体内接圆直径在15 mm～60mm之间。专利中还提到：“壳体的高度可以为90mm，内接圆直径可以为40mm”，而根据电池的命名规则，姑且可以称这款电池为4090电池。
除了比亚迪外，宁德时代表示，公司已研发成功4680、4695等大圆柱电池。企业对外公布的资料显示，同比进行测试，该公司的大圆柱电池循环寿命是国内外友商的3倍以上，能量密度比友商高出10%以上，安全性远超友商，接近麒麟电池。
亿纬锂能在半年报中透露，在46系列产品上公司具备显著的技术和产能建设优势，在获得了海外一流车企的重要订单后，陆续在国内外更多车企实现定点，现已取得未来5年客户意向性订单合计约 472.31GWh。
据了解，目前亿纬锂能已经完成了46系列三元高比能电池部分产能建设，产线运转良好，近期完成了100万颗46系列三元高比能电池的生产下线，正式实现商业交付及应用。预计今年内将完成20GWh产能的落成，并规划了沈阳、成都、匈牙利等地超50GWh产能的建设安排，以阶段性满足国内外客户需求。
除此之外，今年3月国轩高科年产10GWh的4695新能源电池项目落地安徽合肥。在此之前，国轩高科于去年年底首次展出了其46系列圆柱电芯。该公司展出的专为纯电动车型开发的两款46系列三元圆柱电芯，能量密度均达到了310Wh/kg。
今年年初，总投资130亿元的比克电池常州生产基地项目签约，将建设大圆柱电池产线及国际化研发中心，建成后总产能为30GWh。根据规划，比克未来将在海内外扩充80GWh的电池产能。
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打开市场空间天花板
大圆柱电池的应用前景被业内看好。根据特斯拉的测算，46mm直径是圆柱电池对于整车续航里程提升的最优解，并且将带来可观的成本降低。4680电池相比2170电池容量提升5倍、车型续航提升16%、功率提升6倍。
中信证券指出，4680电池具备高容量、高倍率、低成本的优点，未来有望成为圆柱动力电池标准型号。4680 电池有望提升圆柱电池市场占有率，打开圆柱电池市场空间天花板。
亿纬锂能称，大圆柱电池将是公司在动力电池领域重点布局和发展的产品方向。46 系列大圆柱电池凭借其安全性能优势、更低的制造成本，成为国际头部车企的重要选择，且已得到更多主流车企的认可，将成为下一代电池技术重要发展方向。
比克动力电池副总裁樊文光认为，大圆柱电池是未来5年-10年内中高端电动车的最优解。他预测，2025年中国大圆柱电芯新装机市占率将超过30%，超过2021年全球总需求量。
2023年是4680电池爆发元年。根据中金公司预测，今年全球4680电池装机量有望超20GWh，2024年将超100GWh。东北证券则预计，2025年全球46系列大圆柱电池装机量有望达到255GWh，全球新装机市场渗透率可提至20%。
11月28日-30日，第八届动力电池应用国际峰会(CBIS2023)将在中国上海举行。在“创新激发产业内生动力”主题论坛中，与会嘉宾将着力探讨近年来在新能源电池材料、技术、工艺，以及制造装备等方面的创新与革新成果，展现近年来新能源电池产业链不断向前发展的原生动力。
As an innovative technology, large cylindrical batteries have attracted industry attention since their inception, and now their installation scale and speed are increasingly expanding and accelerating.
Large cylindrical battery "spin up potential"
As the initiator of the 4680 battery, Tesla's 20th millionth 4680 battery has recently been taken offline at its super factory in Texas, USA, while its 10th millionth 4680 battery was actually taken offline in June this year, lasting about 4 months, with a production speed of 2.5 million per month. If we follow this pace, Tesla may reach the next milestone of 30 million in February 2024.
According to industry estimates, 10 million 4680 battery cells can meet the power battery matching needs of approximately 12000 Model Y vehicles. Tesla's large cylindrical battery plan is ambitious, with the future 4680 battery capacity increasing to over 1000GWh, and its long-term production target even reaching 2000GWh and 3000GWh.
Mainstream battery factories such as Ningde Times, Panasonic, Samsung SDI, Yiwei Lithium Energy, Bike Battery, Yuanyuan Power, Guoxuan High tech, and Honeycomb Energy are all conducting research and development, product validation, and production line construction for the 46 series large cylinders. In addition to Tesla, car companies such as BMW, NIO, Porsche, JAC, Dongfeng Landau, Daimler, Volkswagen, Xiaopeng, and FAW are also laying out 4680 large cylindrical batteries.
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Many giants are laying out their plans one after another
BYD, which has always been fond of square batteries, has also set its sights on the big cylinder. In September of this year, LG signed a "Strategic Cooperation Memorandum" with BYD's Ford Battery in Seoul, South Korea. In this cooperation, Fodi Battery will collaborate with LG to create competitive products for the European and American markets, along with the consumer battery product LFP 4680. In the future, both sides will engage in in-depth cooperation in the fields of home energy storage, robotics, and other smart homes.
It is understood that the BYD 4680 battery is a lithium iron phosphate battery, with a single energy density of 129Wh/kg, a nominal capacity of 15Ah, and a nominal voltage of 3.2V. It can achieve 0.5C charging and 0.2C discharging. In addition, the charging working temperature of BYD 4680 battery is 0-55 ℃, and the discharge working temperature is -20 ℃ -60 ℃.
It is worth noting that in August last year, BYD announced a new type of battery patent, the cylindrical hexagonal prism battery. Patent data shows that the height of the entire shell (cover+shell) is between 60mm and 150mm, and the diameter of the inner circle of the shell is between 15mm and 60mm. The patent also states: "The height of the shell can be 90mm, and the diameter of the inner circle can be 40mm." According to the naming convention of the battery, this battery can be referred to as a 4090 battery.
In addition to BYD, Ningde Times stated that the company has successfully developed large cylindrical batteries such as 4680 and 4695. According to information released by the company, during year-on-year testing, the cycle life of the company's large cylindrical battery is more than three times that of its domestic and foreign competitors, and the energy density is more than 10% higher than that of its competitors. Its safety far exceeds