动力电池超快充赛道，众玩家奔驰竞速。早在两年前，宁德时代就发布了4C的麒麟电池，2023年峰值5C快充的麒麟电池实现量产。目前麒麟电池已搭载于极氪009、理想纯电车MEGA、小米SU7等车型。2023年，宁德时代又发布采用磷酸铁锂材料的4C神行超充电池，可实现“充电10分钟，续航400公里”，并达到700公里以上续航里程。

　　进入2024年，6C快充成为众电池厂商技术角逐的焦点。宁德时代与上汽通用共同推出行业首个6C超快充磷酸铁锂电池，将于2025年起，在新升级的奥特能准900V高压电池架构上投入使用。另据报道，宁德时代计划将推出6C的第二代麒麟电池。该电池将磷酸铁锂和三元材料进行“混搭”使用，以均衡电池性能。理想、极氪等车企已经与宁德时代就第二代麒麟电池进行了技术交流。

　　作为全球大圆柱电池引领者，亿纬锂能在其首届锂电池大会上，发布了全新大圆柱Omnicell全能电池。据介绍，该款电池具备6C快速充电能力，在常温25摄氏度时，可实现充电5分钟续航300公里;在零下30摄氏度的低温条件下，充电10%到80%也只需25分钟。

　　除此之外，欣旺达发布闪充电池3.0，包括LFP欣星驰和NCM欣星耀两款电池，充电峰值倍率达6C，平均充电4.5C，仅需10分钟就能充电至80%。蜂巢能源发布两款超充电池新品，其中一款5C磷酸铁锂短刀电芯;另一款基于三元体系的6C超充电池，可做到充电5分钟，续航可以达到500~600公里。

　　据报道，比亚迪二代刀片电池也正在酝酿推出，比亚迪的 6C 电池在加速研发中。

　　未来几年，快充电池将成为市场需求的主要爆发点。据业内机构预测，到2025年支持高压快充的3C以上电池需求量将达350GWh，占国内电动汽车动力电池装车量的59%。业内人士指出，快充动力电池对行业来说，将是一次重大技术升级，超级快充模式下，从电池材料到电芯体系设计，以及充电模式等，都会影响到电池的性能保持。

01

建设隔膜“高速公路”

　　电池快充，涉及复杂的材料体系和工艺。宁德时代首席科学家吴凯表示，为实现电池快充，需要在电芯层面进行诸多的性能提升。对此，宁德时代的方法是，正极构建高速锂离子传输通道和超电子网改善温升，提升电芯负极充电能力，降低电芯SEI膜阻抗，提升液相锂离子传输速率，提升隔膜内锂离子传输速率等。

　　“就隔膜来讲，其离子传导性能直接影响电池的充放电效率。”业内人士指出，因为在快速充电的过程中，锂离子需要快速通过隔膜从正极移动到负极。“如果隔膜的离子传导性能不佳，会导致锂离子传输受阻，增加电池的内阻，从而降低充电效率和电池的性能”。

　　欣旺达动力科技股份有限公司研发副总裁李阳兴亦指出，超充电池设计存在的其中一个科学极限挑战就是，在极限锂离子电池的动力学过程，因为充电过程快，意味着锂离子在正负极隔膜之间快速地移动。如果移动不好，可能造成很多安全问题，都会造成锂的积累。

　　事实上，不少电池企业都在隔膜上下功夫。适配快充的隔膜需要注重厚度、孔隙率和透气度。比如，国轩高科5C快充G刻电池，采用了超薄复合涂层隔膜;宁德时代的神行超充电池，配备了高安全涂层隔膜，改善了隔离膜高孔隙率和低迂曲度孔道，从而改善锂离子液相传输速率。据悉，宁德时代的6C快充电池，也将融合电池领域多项原子级的快充科技，其中包括优化的高孔隙率隔离膜等。

　　“隔膜的孔隙率和孔径分布，直接影响锂离子的传输路径和速度。较高的孔隙率可以提供更多的锂离子传输通道，从而提高电池的快充能力。”业内人士指出，与此同时均匀的孔径分布也有助于锂离子在隔膜中的均匀传输，减少局部过热和浓度梯度，提高电池的充电效率和安全性。

02

众玩家积极布局

　　对快充隔膜，不少生产厂商都在大力布局。恩捷股份近期在接受投资机构调研时表示，高倍率快充电池对隔膜有特定要求，其生产的微孔隔膜可以根据客户需求，定制不同孔隙率的隔膜。据介绍，该公司第一代快充隔膜已量产供应多年，适用于高倍率快充电池;目前，其第二代快充隔膜的孔隙率已超过50%，快充性能更好，已向多家客户送样验证;且该公司产能丰富，工艺和技术成熟，具备快速大规模量产的优势。

　　电池中国注意到，就在上个月，星源材质发布了一款超快充纳米纤维复合隔膜新产品，提出了“混凝土状”纳米纤维复合隔膜概念。该公司声称，相较于传统的涂覆材料主要呈“颗粒状”，纳米纤维材料呈“混凝土状”，更加坚固的同时，兼具超轻薄、高耐热、高耐压、高浸润性等优势，能够显著提升电芯循环和倍率，更好满足快充电池对安全性提升的要求。

　　另外，泰和新材亦表示，芳纶涂覆隔膜有利于提高电池的快充性能。该公司芳纶隔膜在多数主流电池厂家均有送样测试。据介绍，基于芳纶生产的规模和经验，该公司可以大幅降低芳纶涂覆隔膜的成本，让更多的消费者得到更好的体验。

　　随着以极氪、比亚迪、小鹏、理想为代表的整车企业，以及宁德时代为代表的电池厂，持续发布快充车型/电池产品，中信证券指出，电动车快充进入大规模推广的拐点已至。未来具有快充能力的电池渗透率，预计将进一步提升，助推隔膜等相关材料升级与增长。

Super fast charging track for power batteries, with many players racing at Mercedes Benz. As early as two years ago, CATL released the 4C Kirin battery, and by 2023, the peak 5C fast charging Kirin battery will achieve mass production. At present, Kirin batteries have been installed in models such as Jike 009, Ideal Pure Electric Car MEGA, and Xiaomi SU7. In 2023, CATL released the 4C Shenxing Supercharging Battery using lithium iron phosphate material, which can achieve a range of 400 kilometers after 10 minutes of charging and reach a range of over 700 kilometers.


Entering 2024, 6C fast charging has become the focus of technological competition among battery manufacturers. CATL and SAIC General Motors jointly launched the industry's first 6C ultra fast charging lithium iron phosphate battery, which will be put into use on the newly upgraded AutoNeng 900V high-voltage battery architecture starting from 2025. According to reports, CATL plans to launch the second-generation Kirin battery of 6C. This battery combines lithium iron phosphate and ternary materials to balance battery performance. Ideal, Jike and other car companies have already had technical exchanges with CATL on the second-generation Kirin battery.

As a global leader in large cylindrical batteries, EVE Energy unveiled its new Omnicell all-around battery at its first lithium battery conference. It is reported that this battery has a 6C fast charging capability and can achieve a range of 300 kilometers in 5 minutes of charging at room temperature of 25 degrees Celsius; Under low temperature conditions of minus 30 degrees Celsius, charging 10% to 80% only takes 25 minutes.

In addition, Xinwangda has released Flash Charge Battery 3.0, including LFP Xinxingchi and NCM Xinxingyao batteries, with a peak charging rate of 6C and an average charging of 4.5C, which can be charged to 80% in just 10 minutes. Honeycomb Energy has released two new supercharging battery products, one of which is a 5C lithium iron phosphate short blade battery cell; Another 6C rechargeable battery based on the ternary system can be charged for 5 minutes and has a range of 500-600 kilometers.

According to reports, BYD's second-generation blade battery is also being planned for release, and BYD's 6C battery is accelerating its research and development.

In the next few years, fast charging batteries will become the main explosive point of market demand. According to industry insiders' predictions, the demand for 3C and above batteries that support high-voltage fast charging will reach 350GWh by 2025, accounting for 59% of the installed capacity of electric vehicle power batteries in China. Industry insiders point out that fast charging power batteries will be a major technological upgrade for the industry. Under the super fast charging mode, everything from battery materials to cell system design, as well as charging modes, will affect the performance maintenance of the battery.

01

Building a barrier "highway"

Fast charging of batteries involves complex material systems and processes. Wu Kai, Chief Scientist of CATL, stated that in order to achieve fast charging of batteries, many performance improvements need to be made at the battery cell level. In this regard, CATL's method is to construct a high-speed lithium-ion transmission channel and a super electronic network on the positive electrode to improve temperature rise, enhance the charging capacity of the negative electrode of the battery cell, reduce the impedance of the SEI film of the battery cell, improve the liquid-phase lithium-ion transmission rate, and enhance the lithium-ion transmission rate inside the separator.

As for the separator, its ion conductivity directly affects the charging and discharging efficiency of the battery. Industry insiders point out that during rapid charging, lithium ions need to quickly move from the positive electrode to the negative electrode through the separator. If the ion conductivity of the separator is poor, it will hinder the transmission of lithium ions, increase the internal resistance of the battery, and thus reduce the charging efficiency and performance of the battery.

Li Yangxing, Vice President of R&D at Xinwangda Power Technology Co., Ltd., also pointed out that one of the scientific challenges in the design of supercharging batteries is the dynamic process of extreme lithium-ion batteries. Because the charging process is fast, it means that lithium ions move quickly between the positive and negative electrode separators. If the movement is not good, it may cause many safety issues and lead to the accumulation of lithium.

In fact, many battery companies are working hard on separators. The adaptation of fast charging membranes requires attention to thickness, porosity, and air permeability. For example, the Guoxuan High tech 5C fast charging G-cut battery uses ultra-thin composite coating separators; The Shenxing Supercharging Battery from CATL is equipped with a high safety coating separator, which improves the high porosity and low tortuosity pores of the isolation membrane, thereby enhancing the lithium ion liquid-phase transport rate. It is reported that CATL's 6C fast charging battery will also integrate multiple atomic level fast charging technologies in the battery field, including optimized high porosity isolation membranes.

The porosity and pore size distribution of the separator directly affect the transmission path and speed of lithium ions. A higher porosity can provide more lithium ion transmission channels, thereby improving the fast charging ability of the battery. Industry insiders point out that at the same time, a uniform pore size distribution also helps to promote the uniform transmission of lithium ions in the separator, reduce local overheating and concentration gradients, and improve the charging efficiency and safety of the battery.

02

Many players actively layout

Many manufacturers are vigorously expanding their layout for fast charging diaphragms. Enjie Co., Ltd. recently stated in a survey conducted by investment institutions that high rate fast charging batteries have specific requirements for separators, and its microporous separators can be customized with different porosities according to customer needs. It is reported that the company's first generation fast charging diaphragm has been mass-produced and supplied for many years, suitable for high rate fast charging batteries; At present, the porosity of its second-generation fast charging membrane has exceeded 50%, with better fast charging performance. Samples have been sent to multiple customers for verification; And the company has abundant production capacity, mature processes and technologies, and the advantage of rapid large-scale production.

Battery China has noticed that just last month, Xingyuan Material released a new product of ultra fast charging nanofiber composite separator, proposing the concept of "concrete like" nanofiber composite separator. The company claims that compared to traditional coating materials, which are mainly in the form of "particles", nanofiber materials are in the form of "concrete", which are more robust and have advantages such as ultra-thin, high heat resistance, high pressure resistance, and high wettability. They can significantly improve cell cycling and rate, better meeting the safety requirements of fast charging batteries.

In addition, Taihe New Materials also stated that aramid coated separators are beneficial for improving the fast charging performance of batteries. The company's aramid separator has been sent for sample testing by most mainstream battery manufacturers. It is reported that based on the scale and experience of aramid production, the company can significantly reduce the cost of aramid coated membranes, allowing more consumers to have a better experience.

With the continuous release of fast charging models/battery products by vehicle companies represented by Jike, BYD, Xiaopeng, and Ideal, as well as battery factories represented by CATL, CITIC Securities pointed out that the turning point for the large-scale promotion of electric vehicle fast charging has arrived. The penetration rate of batteries with fast charging capability in the future is expected to further increase, promoting the upgrading and growth of related materials such as separators.