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全固态电池产业需要一步一步发展
欧阳明高提到，过去两年硫化物固态电解质价格从2000万元/吨，现在已经下降到100万元/吨以内。“现在解决了有无的问题，没有解决好坏的问题，质量的高低跟先进国家还有差距。”
在全固态电池研发领域，硫化物技术路线备受行业追捧。据天风证券测算，与氧化物、聚合物等固态电解质相比，硫化物电解质具有较高的锂离子电导率，室温离子电导率可以达到10⁻³~10⁻²S/cm，其离子电导率最接近液态电解质。
据了解，目前宁德时代、亿纬锂能、国轩高科、孚能科技、松下、三星SDI等国内外电池厂商，以及比亚迪、长安、吉利、一汽、东风、广汽、宝马、福特、丰田、本田等全球车企，都在积极布局硫化物固态电池。
从产业化进程来看，全固态电池仍然面临着一系列科学技术难题，“当前聚焦界面副反应”。欧阳明高指出，“界面到一块儿，要么是界面合不好，要么合好之后会有副反应，这些副反应会引发稳定性问题。”包括化学稳定性、空气稳定性、力学稳定性、循环稳定性，当然最核心的还有热稳定性，“这些都需要解决”。
在欧阳明高看来，全固态电池产业需要一步一步发展。第一代先把固态电解质问题解决，“现在跟国际上最好的电解质差一两年”;第二步解决硅碳负极问题，“国际上有CVD工艺，我们必须蹚出自己的路来，否则就有专利的问题”;第三，高容量富锂锰基和锂金属负极，这些更长远。
“在今后五年，会有全固态电池上市，但是是多大比能量、什么时候，我想会在‘十五五’末期，300Wh/kg，这个可能是大概率事件。”欧阳明高判断，同时他语重心长：“我劝企业推全固态电池车型还是要谨慎，推产品的时候要一步一步来。
The technological innovation of all solid state batteries has been very active in the past two years, with China accounting for 44% of the newly publicly applied patents last year (globally). In addition, the domestic production capacity of core material sulfide electrolytes has exceeded 20000 tons, "said Professor Ouyang Minggao from Tsinghua University at the recently held Intelligent Electric Vehicle Development Forum (2026).
Ouyang Minggao mentioned that the price of sulfide solid electrolytes has dropped from 20 million yuan/ton in the past two years to less than 1 million yuan/ton now. The problem of existence has been solved now, but the problem of good and bad has not been solved. The quality still lags behind that of advanced countries
In the field of all solid state battery research and development, the sulfide technology route is highly sought after by the industry. According to calculations by Tianfeng Securities, sulfide electrolytes have higher lithium ion conductivity compared to solid electrolytes such as oxides and polymers. The room temperature ion conductivity can reach 10 ⁻~10 ⁻ ² S/cm, and their ion conductivity is closest to that of liquid electrolytes.
It is reported that currently, domestic and foreign battery manufacturers such as CATL, EVE Energy, Guoxuan High Tech, Funeng Technology, Panasonic, Samsung SDI, as well as global car companies such as BYD, Changan, Geely, FAW, Dongfeng, GAC, BMW, Ford, Toyota, Honda, etc., are actively laying out sulfide solid-state batteries.
From the perspective of industrialization process, all solid state batteries still face a series of scientific and technological challenges, with the current focus on interface side reactions. Ouyang Minggao pointed out that "when interfaces come together, either the interface does not fit well, or there will be side reactions after it fits well, which can cause stability problems." This includes chemical stability, air stability, mechanical stability, cycling stability, and of course, the most core is thermal stability, "all of which need to be solved.
In Ouyang Minggao's view, the all solid state battery industry needs to develop step by step. The first generation first solved the problem of solid electrolytes, and now it is one or two years behind the best electrolytes in the world; The second step is to solve the problem of silicon carbon anode. "There is CVD technology internationally, and we must find our own way, otherwise there will be patent issues; Thirdly, high-capacity lithium rich manganese based and lithium metal negative electrodes are more sustainable.
In the next five years, there will be all solid state batteries on the market, but what specific energy and when, I think it will be at the end of the 15th Five Year Plan period, 300Wh/kg, which may be a high probability event. ”Ouyang Minggao made a judgment, and at the same time, he spoke earnestly: "I advise companies to be cautious when promoting all solid state battery vehicle models, and to take each step step when promoting products.